Perilla Frutescens and Hemp Seed Porridge

[Danxi’s Experiential Methods]

The author of this book, Zhu Zhenheng (1281–1358), styled Yanxiu, was a native of Yiwu, Wuzhou (present-day Zhejiang). As he resided by Danxi Stream in Yiwu, he was known as “Danxi Elder.” He studied under the renowned physician Luo Zhiti in Hangzhou. By synthesizing the theories of contemporary physicians such as Liu Wansu, Zhang Congzheng, and Li Dongyuan, and integrating his own clinical experience, he established the theory that “yang is often in excess while yin is often deficient.” Advocating the preservation of yin essence and the avoidance of reckless stimulation of ministerial fire, he became a leading figure of the “Yin-Nourishing School.” Alongside Liu Wansu, Zhang Congzheng, and Li Dongyuan, he was honored as one of the “Four Great Masters of the Jin-Yuan Dynasties.” Zhu was celebrated for his remarkable therapeutic efficacy, unparalleled in his time, as well as his steadfast adherence to ethical principles and commitment to public welfare. His conduct and self-cultivation were guided by the teachings of sages and worthies. His ascetic lifestyle, marked by simple clothing and plain food, was particularly admirable. Consequently, scholars from all regions flocked to him, and he gained great renown in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In the summer of 1358, he “passed away peacefully while seated upright, at the age of seventy-eight.” Zhu authored several works, including Ge Zhi Yu Lun (Remainders of Studies on the Attainment of Truth), Ju Fang Fa Hui (Elucidation of the Prescriptions from the Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary), and Ben Cao Yan Yi Bu Yi (Supplement to the Expanded Explanation of Materia Medica). Dan Xi Xin Fa (The Heart Method of Danxi) was compiled and organized by his disciples based on his collected discourses. Perilla and Hemp Seed Congee is selected from Dan Xi Xin Fa Fu Yu (Supplementary Remainders of the Heart Method of Danxi).

[Porridge Composition] Perilla frutescens seeds 10-15 grams, Cannabis sativa seeds 10-15 grams, two liang of japonica rice.

[Efficacy and Indications] Moistens the intestines to promote bowel movement. Suitable for patients with constipation and dry, hard-to-pass stools, such as the elderly, postpartum women, and those who are convalescent or have a weak constitution.

[Decoction Method] First, pound Perilla Fruit (Perillae Fructus) and Hemp Seed (Cannabis Semen) into a paste-like consistency, then add water and grind slowly. Filter the juice to remove the dregs, and finally, cook it together with rice into a thin porridge for consumption.

[Explanation of the Congee] Perilla Fruit and Hemp Seed Congee is an effective medicinal congee recipe used by ancient people to supports constipation caused by dry intestinal fluids in individuals with weak constitutions, such as the elderly, postpartum women, or those recovering from wellness. It has been documented in many historical records. Perilla fruit (Perillae Fructus) in the recipe is pungent in taste, warm in nature, and non-toxic. It is one of the most commonly used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine for relieving cough and has the effects of lubricating the intestines, promoting the flow of qi, eliminating phlegm, and relieving asthma. However, in this recipe, only its function of moistening the intestines and relieving constipation is utilized. Hemp seed (Cannabis Semen), also known as fire hemp seed, is sweet in taste and neutral in nature, belonging to the category of moistening laxatives. Like perilla fruit, it is moist and rich in lipids, containing abundant fatty oils, vitamin B1, etc. It can moisten dryness and lubricate the intestines, while also nourishing and replenishing deficiency. Clinically, it is often used for intestinal dryness constipation in individuals with weak constitutions and depleted body fluids. When these two herbs are combined and cooked into congee with japonica rice, it can not only helps with occasional constipation but also replenish qi and nourish the stomach. Danxi’s Methods of supports (Appendices) records: “Perilla Fruit and Hemp Seed Congee can smooth qi and facilitate bowel movements in the elderly. Take perilla fruit and hemp seed in unspecified amounts, grind them into a paste, filter the juice with water, and cook it into congee for consumption.”

In addition, there is also a type of white perilla seed, which is grayish-white in color and larger in size, with a relatively faint odor. Its nature and functions are the same as those of purple perilla seed, but its efficacy is slightly inferior, so it can be used as a substitute.

[Precautions] Perilla and Hemp Seed Porridge can both nourish deficiency and moisten the intestines. It is advisable to take it as a course of supports lasting 2 to 3 days, with two servings per day. It is contraindicated for patients with diarrhea due to Spleen deficiency.

[Reference Materials]

[Feng’s Treasured Medical Records · Volume Six]: “For excessive sweating and constipation after childbirth, hemp seed porridge is the most reliable supports. Not only for postpartum women, but also for elderly individuals and those with various types of deficiency-induced wind-related constipation, take roasted Cannabis sativa L. (hemp seed) kernels and Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (perilla seed), two sheng each, wash and grind them finely, then extract the juice by grinding with water to obtain one cup of liquid. Divide this liquid into two portions and use it to cook porridge for consumption.”

[Pu Ji Ben Shi Fang · Volume 10]: “There are three types of wellness in women after childbirth.郁冒 (Depressive syncope) is accompanied by excessive sweating, and excessive sweating leads to constipation. Therefore, it is difficult to administer medication. Only the porridge made with hemp seeds and perilla seeds is the best and safest option. Take equal amounts, half a he (a traditional Chinese unit of volume, approximately 60 – 90 ml) each, of Perilla frutescens seeds (Perilla seed) and Cannabis sativa seeds (Hemp seed), wash them, grind them into an extremely fine powder, then grind them again with water to obtain one cup of juice. Divide the juice into two portions and use it to cook porridge and consume it.”

[Prescriptions for Ready Use, Volume Six]: “Hemp Seed and Perilla Seed Porridge supports wind-induced constipation in the elderly. Equal parts of Cannabis sativa L. (hemp seed) and Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (perilla seed) are washed and ground together. Then, they are ground again with water, and the juice is extracted to cook porridge. Hemp seed is a proper medicine for the Yangming [Editor’s note: “Yangming” refers to the stomach and intestines], which lubricates the intestines, moistens dryness, facilitates defecation, and dispels wind. Perilla seed also acts on the Taiyin, moistens the Lungs, unblocks the intestines, harmonizes the blood, and moves qi downward. It acts gently without being harsh and can unblock while being mild. Therefore, it is suitable for the elderly and women after childbirth who have insufficient qi and blood.”

Q1: What is perilla frutescens and hemp seed porridge used for in Danxi’s medicine?

A1: In Danxi’s medicine, as documented in Danxi’s Experiential Methods, perilla frutescens and hemp seed porridge is primarily used to treat constipation due to dryness of the intestines and to moisten the lungs. It is particularly recommended for elderly patients or those with chronic respiratory conditions where fluid deficiency leads to difficult bowel movements and dry cough. The combination leverages perilla’s aromatic dispersing properties and hemp seed’s emollient, lubricating effects to harmonize the lung and large intestine meridians.

Q2: How to make perilla frutescens and hemp seed porridge according to Danxi’s Experiential Methods?

A2: According to Danxi’s Experiential Methods, to make perilla frutescens and hemp seed porridge, take 15 grams of perilla frutescens seeds (perillae semen) and 15 grams of hemp seeds (cannabis semen), crush them gently, and boil with 100 grams of rice in sufficient water. Simmer until the rice is fully cooked and the porridge thickens, then consume while warm. It is recommended to take this porridge once daily in the morning on an empty stomach for optimal therapeutic effect.

Q3: What are the health benefits of perilla frutescens and hemp seed porridge?

A3: The health benefits of perilla frutescens and hemp seed porridge include moistening the intestines to relieve constipation, nourishing the lungs to alleviate dry cough, and promoting the descent of lung qi. Rich in essential fatty acids and dietary fiber, this porridge also helps lower blood lipids and supports cardiovascular health. In Danxi’s medicine, it is valued for balancing yin and fluids, making it suitable for dry-heat patterns and deficiency constipation.

Q4: Are perilla frutescens and hemp seed safe for long-term consumption in porridge form?

A4: Perilla frutescens and hemp seed porridge is generally safe for moderate long-term consumption when prepared according to Danxi’s Experiential Methods, but caution is advised for individuals with spleen deficiency and loose stools. Hemp seeds have a mild laxative effect and should be adjusted in dosage if diarrhea occurs. As with any medicinal food, it is best to consult a qualified practitioner, especially for pregnant women or those with chronic illnesses.

Q5: Can perilla frutescens and hemp seed porridge help with respiratory issues in Danxi’s medicinal framework?

A5: Yes, perilla frutescens and hemp seed porridge can help with respiratory issues by moistening the lungs and dispersing phlegm, as per Danxi’s medical theory. Perilla seeds are known to direct qi downward and soothe wheezing, while hemp seeds lubricate the airways and relieve spasmodic cough. This porridge is thus indicated for chronic bronchitis and dry coughs associated with lung-yin deficiency.