Angelica sinensis (Dong Quai）

Angelica sinensis (Danggui) is a blood-tonifying herb derived from the root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, a plant in the Apiaceae family. It is traditionally used to support healthy blood production and circulation, promote menstrual regularity and comfort, and help maintain bowel regularity and moisture. It may be beneficial for individuals seeking to support a healthy complexion, mental clarity, Heart comfort, digestive warmth, joint mobility, recovery from minor physical stress, skin health, and bowel regularity.

For this reason, Danggui is vividly nicknamed “female ginseng” in English, referencing its appearance similar to ginseng and its nourishing support comparable to that of Panax ginseng (Renshen). It offers many benefits for women, helping to maintain a balanced constitution and support women’s health, serving as a ginseng-like herb for women. Its scientific name is *Angelica sinensis*, and it is often called “Chinese Angelica” in English-speaking countries.

Actions and Benefits

Functions

This product supports healthy blood production and circulation, helps maintain normal menstrual function and occasional comfort, and promotes intestinal health and regularity.

Primary Functions

It supports healthy blood and complexion, helps with occasional dizziness and Heart palpitations, supports normal menstrual regularity and comfortable periods, helps with occasional occasional abdominal discomfort due to cold, promotes joint mobility and comfort, helps maintain healthy skin and supports recovery from minor injuries, and aids in normal bowel regularity.

Usage and Dosage

Decoct and take orally, 6–12 g.

Contraindications

1. Do not combine with antihypertensive drugs to avoid a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing (orthostatic hypotension).

2. When used in combination with heparin, warfarin, aspirin, or other similar medications, it may increase the risk of bleeding.

Precautions

Raw and cold foods may disrupt the Spleen and Stomach Yang Qi, which could affect the blood-supporting benefits of Angelica sinensis (Danggui). Therefore, during consumption of Danggui, it is advisable to avoid raw and cold foods such as ice cream and cold drinks.

chemical constituents

Angelica sinensis (Danggui) contains neutral oil components such as β-pinene, α-pinene, and camphene. It also contains acidic oil components including p-methylbenzyl alcohol and 5-methoxy-2,3-xylenol, as well as organic acids, sugars, vitamins, and amino acids.

Pharmacological Actions

This product supports healthy blood formation, helps maintain normal blood pressure, promotes relaxation of uterine smooth muscle, supports Liver health, helps with occasional discomfort, and supports normal inflammatory response and healthy lipid levels.

Toxicological Effects

Angelica sinensis (Danggui) has low toxicity. The intravenous LD50 of Angelica sinensis in mice is 80-100 g/kg; the subcutaneous injection and oral administration LD50 of its volatile oil are 298 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg, respectively; the intraperitoneal injection LD50 of ligustilide is 520 mg/kg; the intravenous and oral administration LD50 of sodium ferulate are 1.7 g/kg and 3.6 g/kg, respectively. In dogs, intravenous injection of 2 g/kg Angelica sinensis for 14 consecutive days showed no significant effects on Liver, Kidney, ECG, or blood parameters. When mice were fed a diet containing 5% Angelica sinensis for 3-5 months, they grew healthily, and the Liver’s ability to metabolize glutamate was significantly improved.

Related discussions

1. From the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer’s Materia Medica): supports respiratory health and helps maintain normal upward flow of Qi. Aids the body in adapting to occasional changes in temperature and supports skin comfort. helps maintain healthy female reproductive function and supports normal menstrual cycles. Promotes overall skin health and helps maintain the integrity of the skin barrier.

2. According to the Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu): helps maintain head comfort, supports comfort in the chest and abdominal regions, helps moisten the intestines, supports joint and muscle flexibility, and maintains skin hydration. It also supports healthy skin and helps with occasional skin issues, promotes the natural drainage of pus and provides comfort, and supports healthy blood circulation and blood nourishment.

3. *Yixue Qiyuan* (Medical Origins): Dang Gui (*Angelica sinensis*) is warm in nature and sweet in flavor. It helps harmonize and support blood health. The tail portion promotes blood circulation, while the body portion harmonizes the blood.

Clinical Applications

Clinical Applications

1. To help maintain Qi and Blood balance: often combined with Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) and Panax ginseng (Renshen) to support the production of Qi and Blood, as in Danggui Buxue Tang (Angelica Sinensis Blood-Tonifying Decoction) (Lan Shi Mi Cang) and Renshen Yangrong Tang (Ginseng Nourishing Glory Decoction) (Wen Yi Lun).

2. For supporting a healthy complexion and promoting calmness of the mind in cases of Blood Deficiency with sallow complexion, palpitations, and insomnia: This combination is often used with Prepared Rehmannia (Shudihuang), White Peony Root (Baishao), and Szechuan Lovage Root (Chuanxiong), as in Siwu Tang (Four-Substance Decoction) from *Heji Jufang*.

3. For supporting patterns of blood deficiency and blood stasis, which may present with occasional menstrual irregularities, support for normal menstrual flow, and occasional menstrual discomfort: It is commonly combined with blood-nourishing and menstruation-regulating herbs, such as Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) from the *Formulary of the Bureau of People’s Welfare Pharmacies*. If also presenting with Qi deficiency, it may be combined with Panax ginseng (Renshen) and Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi). If also presenting with Qi Stagnation, it may be combined with Cyperus rotundus (Xiangfu) and Corydalis yanhusuo (Yanhusuo). If also presenting with

For Blood Heat patterns, appropriate combinations include Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin), Coptis chinensis (Huanglian), or Paeonia suffruticosa (Mudanpi) and Lycium chinense (Digupi). For Blood Stasis that may affect normal menstrual flow, suitable additions include Prunus persica (Taoren) and Carthamus tinctorius (Honghua). For Blood Deficiency with Cold Stagnation, compatible herbs include Asini Corii Colla (Ejiao) and Artemisia argyi (Aiye).

4. For patterns of Blood Deficiency, Blood Stasis, and Cold Congealing with occasional abdominal discomfort, it is combined with Guizhi (Cinnamomum cassia), Shaoyao (Paeonia lactiflora), and Shengjiang (Zingiber officinale), as in Danggui Shengjiang Yangrou Tang (Angelica Sinensis and Ginger Mutton Soup) from the *Jinkui Yaolüe* (Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber) and Danggui Jianzhong Tang (Angelica Sinensis Decoction for Building up the Middle) from the *Qianjin Fang* (Thousand Golden Prescriptions).

5. To support the body during occasional physical trauma with blood stasis and discomfort: combine with Ruxiang (Boswellia carterii, Frankincense), Moyao (Commiphora myrrha, Myrrh), Taoren (Prunus persica, Peach Kernel), Honghua (Carthamus tinctorius, Safflower), etc., as in formulas like Fuyuan Huoxue Tang (Revive and Activate Blood Decoction, from *Yixue Faming* [Medical Inventions]) and Huoluo Xiaoling Dan (Effective Elixir for Invigorating Collaterals, from *Yixue Zhongzhong Canxi Lu* [Records of Integrating Chinese and Western Medicine]).

6. For supporting healthy skin integrity during initial stages of occasional swelling and discomfort: use in combination with herbs such as Lonicera japonica (Jinyinhua), Paeonia lactiflora (Chishao), and Trichosanthes kirilowii (Tianhuafen), which support detoxification and help disperse localized discomfort, so as to promote healthy blood circulation, reduce swelling, and help with occasional discomfort, as in Xianfang Huoming Yin (Immortal Formula for Life-Saving Decoction) from Fu Ren Liang Fang (Effective Formulas for Women).

7. For sores that form pus but do not discharge, or that do not close after discharge: combined with Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi), Panax ginseng (Renshen), and Cinnamomum cassia (Rougui), as in Shiquan Dabu Tang (Ten Complete Great Tonifying Decoction) from Heji Jufang (Prescriptions from the Great Peace Imperial Grace Pharmacy).

8. For supporting recovery of ulcerated tissues associated with Yin and Blood deficiency: It can be combined with *Lonicera japonica* (Jinyinhua), *Scrophularia ningpoensis* (Xuanshen), and *Glycyrrhiza uralensis* (Gancao), as in Simiao Yong’an Tang (Four-Ingredient Gallant Decoction) from *Yanfang Xinbian* (New Compilation of Proven Prescriptions).

9. For Wind-Cold Bi pain and limb numbness: The approach involves supporting blood circulation, dispelling cold, and helping with occasional discomfort. It is often used in combination with Notopterygium incisum (Qianghuo), Saposhnikovia divaricata (Fangfeng), Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi), etc., as in Juanbi Tang (Bi-Pain Decoction) from *Selected Prescriptions from the Hundred Cases*.

10. supports bowel regularity for those with Blood Deficiency and Intestinal Dryness: commonly used with Cistanche deserticola (Roucongrong), Achyranthes bidentata (Niuxi), and Cimicifuga foetida (Shengma), as in Jichuan Jian (Bowel-Flushing Decoction) from Jingyue Quanshu (Complete Works of Zhang Jingyue).

Related Compatibility

1. Angelica sinensis (Dang Gui) combined with Paeonia lactiflora (Bai Shao): Dang Gui excels at nourishing blood and softening the Liver, promoting healthy blood circulation and helping with occasional discomfort; Bai Shao is adept at nourishing blood and softening the Liver, supporting yin preservation and providing comfort. Together, they support blood nourishment and regulation. This combination may benefit individuals experiencing occasional palpitations and restlessness due to Heart Blood Deficiency; occasional dizziness, tinnitus, and tendon tension associated with Liver Blood Deficiency; and women’s menstrual regularity and comfort in cases of Blood Deficiency and Blood Stasis, such as occasional irregular menstruation or menstrual discomfort.

2. Angelica sinensis (Danggui) paired with Cistanche deserticola (Roucongrong): Angelica sinensis excels in supporting blood nourishment and moistening the intestines to helps with occasional dryness, while Cistanche deserticola is adept at supporting yang and nourishing yin, as well as promoting bowel movement. Combined, they enhance the warm-moistening effect to support regular bowel movements. Suitable for supporting bowel regularity in individuals with Yin Deficiency and Qi weakness.

Angelica sinensis (Danggui, Dong Quai) combined with Rehmannia glutinosa preparata (Shudihuang, Prepared Rehmannia): Angelica sinensis supports blood nourishment and helps maintain healthy blood flow and menstrual regularity; Rehmannia glutinosa preparata supports blood nourishment and helps maintain essence and marrow health. When used together, they work synergistically to support blood and yin nourishment. This combination is suitable for individuals presenting with patterns of Blood Deficiency accompanied by Yin Deficiency.

4. Angelica sinensis (Danggui) paired with Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Jingjie): Angelica sinensis excels at supporting blood nourishment and promoting healthy blood circulation; Schizonepeta tenuifolia is adept at dispersing wind and supporting hemostatic function. When combined, they enhance the benefits of blood nourishment and hemostatic support, as well as wind dispersal and blood circulation promotion. This combination is traditionally used to support postpartum recovery in cases of blood deficiency, helping to maintain normal awareness and muscle coordination during occasional episodes of dizziness or imbalance, and for supporting conditions of wind arising from blood deficiency with manifestations such as occasional limb twitching, tremors, or skin discomfort.

5. Angelica sinensis (Danggui) combined with Paeonia lactiflora (Chishao): Angelica sinensis excels in supporting blood nourishment and Liver relaxation, as well as promoting healthy blood flow and helping with occasional discomfort. Paeonia lactiflora is valued for supporting a cool internal environment and healthy blood, and for helping to resolve stagnation and helps with occasional occasional discomfort. When used together, they synergistically support healthy blood circulation and help maintain comfort. This combination is suitable for supporting abdominal comfort during occasional digestive imbalance, promoting normal bowel function, supporting harmonious interaction between Liver and Spleen functions, and easing mild abdominal tension and lingering discomfort.

6. *Angelica sinensis* (Danggui) paired with *Aconitum carmichaelii* (Fuzi): *Angelica sinensis* excels at nourishing blood, softening the Liver, and supporting healthy blood flow for occasional discomfort. *Aconitum carmichaelii* is adept at warming the Kidneys, supporting yang energy, and helping to helps with occasional cold-related occasional discomfort. When combined, these herbs enhance the effects of nourishing blood, softening the Liver, and warming the Kidneys to support yang energy. This combination is suitable for supporting the body when the Spleen system (Earth) is weakened, which may affect its ability to maintain healthy blood regulation, leading to blood loss, yin damage, and subsequent yang impairment—especially in chronic conditions or when yang deficiency with blood stasis is present.

7. Angelica sinensis (Danggui) combined with Cannabis sativa (Huomaren): Angelica sinensis supports blood nourishment and healthy blood circulation, as well as intestinal moisture and bowel movement regularity; Cannabis sativa is sweet, neutral, and oily, supporting intestinal moisture and bowel movement regularity. The combination of these two herbs enhances the support for intestinal moisture and bowel movement regularity. It is suitable for supporting intestinal health when blood deficiency leads to dryness.

Differential Application of Medicinal Substances

1. Raw Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Sheng Danggui), Wine-processed Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Jiu Danggui), Stir-fried Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Chao Danggui), and Carbonized Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui Tan): These four are different processed forms of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui). Due to varying processing methods, their actions also differ in emphasis. Raw Radix Angelicae Sinensis is moistening in nature, and excels at supporting blood health, helping with normal menstrual cycle, and promoting bowel regularity. It is often used to support overall blood vitality, occasional bowel discomfort, and skin health. Wine-processed Radix Angelicae Sinensis is particularly known for supporting healthy blood circulation and menstrual health, commonly used to help maintain normal menstrual flow, occasional muscle and joint discomfort, and recovery from minor injuries. Stir-fried Radix Angelicae Sinensis supports blood health without promoting laxative effects, making it suitable for those with occasional loose stools and mild abdominal discomfort due to digestive imbalance. Carbonized Radix Angelicae Sinensis is primarily used to support healthy clotting and blood harmony, often chosen for helping maintain normal menstrual volume and occasional blood-related imbalances.

2. Angelica sinensis (Danggui) Root Head, Root Body, Root Tail, and Whole Root: Danggui can be divided into three parts—root head, root body, and root tail. Each part can be used individually as Danggui Tou (Angelica sinensis Root Head), Danggui Shen (Angelica sinensis Root Body), and Danggui Wei (Angelica sinensis Root Tail); or they may be combined as Quan Danggui (Whole Angelica sinensis Root). According to traditional Chinese medicine convention, Danggui Tou and Danggui Wei are considered to more strongly support healthy blood circulation and blood movement, while Danggui Shen is considered to support blood nourishment. Quan Danggui (Whole Root) supports both blood nourishment and healthy blood circulation.

3. Angelica sinensis (Danggui) and Panax notoginseng (Sanqi): Both are sweet and warm in nature, entering the Liver and Heart Meridians, and both support healthy blood circulation and help with occasional discomfort. They are commonly used to support recovery from occasional physical trauma and to help maintain comfort in areas of blood stasis and swelling. However, Angelica sinensis is pungent and enters the Spleen Meridian; it is especially known for supporting blood nourishment, menstrual regularity, and intestinal moisture. It is beneficial for various conditions associated with blood deficiency, occasional abdominal discomfort due to cold deficiency, occasional joint discomfort related to wind-dampness, and supports healthy skin and tissue, as well as occasional constipation. Panax notoginseng supports blood stasis resolution and normal clotting. It is slightly bitter, enters the Stomach Meridian, and also has nourishing properties. It has the characteristic of supporting normal bleeding response without retaining blood stasis, and supporting blood stasis resolution without impairing the body’s vital energy (zheng). It is beneficial for various types of occasional bleeding, both internal and external, and is especially suitable when accompanied by blood stasis.

4. Angelica sinensis (Danggui) and Spatholobus suberectus (Jixueteng): Both are sweet in taste and warm in nature, entering the Liver Meridian. They both support blood nourishment and circulation, and support menstrual regularity while helping with occasional discomfort. They help maintain a healthy complexion in cases of blood deficiency, and support menstrual regularity, occasional discomfort during menstruation, and amenorrhea due to blood deficiency or blood deficiency with blood stasis and cold, as well as traumatic discomfort and wind-damp joint discomfort. However, Angelica sinensis is acrid in taste, entering the Heart and Spleen Meridians. Its action is stronger, and it additionally helps with occasional discomfort; it is particularly suitable for pronounced discomfort due to blood stasis accompanied by cold pathogens. It also supports relief of abdominal discomfort due to deficiency cold, and helps with skin discomforts—whether in early stages, chronic non-ulcerating, or non-supports ulcers. It can also support intestinal moisture, helping maintain regular bowel movements in cases of blood deficiency with dry intestines. Spatholobus suberectus is bitter in taste, entering the Kidney Meridian. Its action is milder, and it excels at supporting comfortable movement of tendons and meridians, making it suitable for those with blood deficiency or obstruction in the collaterals.

related medications

1. Angelica sinensis (Danggui) Liquid Extract (Clinical Medication Guidelines: Chinese Patent Medicine Volume, 2020 edition)

(1) Composition: This product is a fluid extract prepared from processed Angelica sinensis (Danggui).

(2) Function and Indications: supports blood nourishment and menstrual health. helps maintain normal menstrual cycles and occasional discomfort associated with blood deficiency and blood stasis patterns.

2. Danggui Buxue Oral Liquid (Pill) (Clinical Medication Guidelines: Chinese Patent Medicines Volume, 2020 edition)

(1) Ingredients: Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi), Angelica sinensis (Danggui).

(2) Function and Support: supports the nourishment of Qi and Blood. helps maintain a balanced internal environment for overall vitality.

3. Danggui Yangxue Wan (Angelica Blood-Nourishing Pill) (Clinical Medication Guidelines: Volume of Chinese Patent Formulations, 2020 Edition)

(1) Herbal Composition: Angelica sinensis (Danggui), honey-fried Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi), stir-fried Paeonia lactiflora (Baishao), Rehmannia glutinosa (Dihuang), Asini Corii Colla (Ejiao), Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu), Poria cocos (Fuling), stir-fried Eucommia ulmoides (Duzhong), Paeonia suffruticosa (Mudanpi), processed Cyperus rotundus (Xiangfu).

(2) Functions and Indications: supports Qi and Blood to help maintain normal menstrual function. For individuals with Qi and Blood Deficiency who may experience occasional signs such as early menstruation, variable menstrual flow (scanty or heavy), prolonged duration, and limb fatigue.

4. Danggui Kushen Wan (Angelica and Sophora Pill) (from *Clinical Medication Guidelines: Chinese Patent Medicine Preparations Volume*, 2020 edition)

(1) Herbal Composition: Angelica sinensis (Danggui), Sophora flavescens (Kushen).

(2) Functions and Indications: supports healthy blood circulation and helps maintain a balanced internal environment. Assists in addressing occasional skin discomfort associated with Damp-Heat and Blood Stasis patterns, such as temporary blemishes on the face, chest, and back, red and warm skin, occasional pustules or firm bumps, and facial redness. Promotes general skin vitality and comfort.

5. Danggui Longhui Wan (Angelica and Aloe Pill) (Clinical Medication Guidance: Chinese Patent Medicine Volume, 2020 Edition)

(1) Medicinal composition: Gentiana scabra (Longdan) (wine-fried), Rheum palmatum (Dahuang) (wine-processed), Aloe vera (Luhui), Coptis chinensis (Huanglian) (wine-processed), Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin) (wine-processed), Phellodendron chinense (Huangbai) (salt-processed), Gardenia jasminoides (Zhizi), Indigo naturalis (Qingdai), Angelica sinensis (Danggui) (wine-processed), Aucklandia lappa (Muxiang), Moschus (artificial) (Shexiang).

(2) Function: helps maintain a balanced internal environment and supports regular bowel movements. Traditionally used for patterns of Liver and Gallbladder Fire Blazing, which may present as supporting a calm mental state, head comfort, clear vision, normal hearing, comfort in the hypochondrium, digestive comfort, and regular bowel movements.

Related Formulas

1. Danggui Buxue Tang (Angelica Blood-Nourishing Decoction) (from *Treatise on Differentiation of Internal and External Injuries*)

(1) Medicinal Composition: Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi), Angelica sinensis (Danggui).

(2) Functions and Indications: supports the replenishment of Qi and the generation of Blood. helps maintain a balanced internal environment during episodes associated with Blood Deficiency and Yang Floating Heat, which may manifest as occasional feelings of warmth in the skin, facial redness, thirst with desire for fluids, and a pulse that is large but weak upon deep palpation. Also supports women during menstruation and postpartum recovery when experiencing occasional discomfort related to Blood Deficiency, or aids in the maintenance of healthy skin after minor ulcerations that have drained and are slow to close.

2. Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Sinensis Decoction for Frigid Extremities) from the *Treatise on Cold Damage (Shang Han Lun)*

(1) Herbal Ingredients: Angelica sinensis (Danggui), Cinnamomum cassia (Guizhi), Paeonia lactiflora (Baishao), Asarum sieboldii (Xixin), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gancao), Tetrapanax papyrifer (Tongcao), Ziziphus jujuba (Dazao).

(2) Health Support: supports warming of the meridians and helps maintain healthy blood circulation. This formulation is traditionally used for individuals presenting with characteristics associated with a pattern of blood deficiency and cold, such as cold hands and feet, or pain in the lower back, thighs, legs, feet, shoulders, and arms, absence of thirst, pale tongue with white coating, and a deep, thin pulse or a thin pulse that is barely palpable.

3. Huoluo Xiaoling Dan (Activate Meridians and Efficacious Elixir) (from *Yixue Zhongzhong Canxi Lu* / Records of Integrating Chinese and Western Medicine)

(1) Herbal composition: Angelica sinensis (Dang Gui), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan Shen), Boswellia carterii (Sheng Ruxiang), Commiphora myrrha (Sheng Moyao).

(2) Functions and Indications: supports healthy blood circulation, helps maintain normal meridians, and promotes occasional comfort. Suitable for Qi and Blood Stagnation pattern characterized by discomfort in the chest and abdomen, occasional discomfort in the legs and arms, support for occasional bumps and bruises, support for skin health in external areas, and support for abdominal comfort.

4. Shenghua Tang (Generation and Transformation Decoction) (from Fu Qingzhu’s Obstetrics and Gynecology)

(1) Herbal ingredients: Angelica sinensis (Danggui), Ligusticum chuanxiong (Chuanxiong), Prunus persica (Taoren), Zingiber officinale (Ganjiang), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gancao).

(2) Functions: supports blood nourishment and circulation, and helps maintain warmth and comfort in the meridians. This is intended for individuals presenting with a TCM pattern of Blood Deficiency with Cold Congealing and Blood Stasis, which may manifest as occasional postpartum recovery challenges such as retained lochia and cold pain in the lower abdomen.

5. Danggui Liuhuang Tang (Chinese Angelica and Six-Yellow Decoction, from *Lan Shi Mi Cang* [Secret Records of the Chamber of Orchids])

(1) Herbal composition: Angelica sinensis (Danggui), Rehmannia glutinosa (Shengdihuang), Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin), Phellodendron chinense (Huangbai), Coptis chinensis (Huanglian), Rehmannia glutinosa (Shudihuang), Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi).

(2) Functions: supports Yin and helps maintain a balanced internal environment, and supports healthy sweating patterns. Helps individuals who may experience occasional night sweats and the following signs of imbalance: feverish sensation, facial flushing, restlessness, dry mouth and lips, dry stool, dark urine, red tongue with yellow coating, and rapid pulse.

Medicinal Diet and Dietary Therapy

1.Angelica Sinensis (Danggui) and Hen Soup

(1) supports blood nourishment and yin maintenance, promotes moisture balance and normal blood circulation. helps maintain healthy complexion and vitality, supports balanced energy and calmness, aids relaxation and restful sleep, supports normal nervous system function, promotes respiratory comfort and moisture, and helps maintain Lung health and normal blood flow.

(2) Raw materials: 15g each of Angelica sinensis (Danggui) and Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen), 1 old hen, and appropriate amounts of scallion, fresh ginger, cooking wine, and salt.

(3) Method: Slaughter the hen, clean, and cut into pieces. Place together with Angelica sinensis (Danggui) and Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen) into a pot. Add water, green onion, ginger, and cooking wine. Simmer on low heat to make a soup. When cooked, season with salt and serve.

Usage: Eat the meat and drink the soup, consuming in several portions. For individuals with a weak constitution, it may be taken once a week.

2. Sanqi Danggui Tang (Panax Notoginseng and Angelica Sinensis Decoction)

(1) supports blood nourishment and healthy blood circulation, helps remove stagnation and regulate qi. This product supports individuals who may experience occasional intermenstrual spotting with the following signs: menstrual blood that is dark purple or with clots, lower abdominal stabbing pain that is tender to touch, emotional constraint, distending pain in the chest, hypochondrium, and breasts, a dark purple tongue body with possible stasis spots on the tongue body or sublingual area.

(2) Raw materials: Panax notoginseng (Sanqi) 5g, Angelica sinensis (Danggui) 15g, Cyperus rotundus (Xiangfu) 10g, lean meat 100g, yellow rice wine to taste.

(3) Method: Wash the lean meat, cut into small pieces, and set aside. Place Panax notoginseng (Sanqi), Angelica sinensis (Danggui), Cyperus rotundus (Xiangfu), and the lean meat into a pot, add an appropriate amount of water. Bring to a boil over high heat, then reduce to low heat and simmer for 1 hour. Add an appropriate amount of yellow rice wine for flavor, then it is ready to serve.

(4) Usage: Take warm in the morning and evening, start taking one week before menstruation.

Notes

For patients requiring herbal supports, they should first visit a formal TCM hospital and receive a prescription after professional pattern differentiation.

Processing and preparation (Pao Zhi)

Harvesting and Processing

Generally, it can only be harvested after two years of growth. The roots are dug out in late October, the soil is shaken off, and the remaining leaf stalks are removed. After the moisture has slightly evaporated, the roots are tied into bundles and placed under a shed for smoking. First, they are smoked with damp firewood to color the Danggui until the outer skin turns reddish-brown, then they are fully dried by smoking over coal fire or firewood.

Processing Method

1. Angelica sinensis (Dang Gui): Take the raw herb, remove impurities, wash clean, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun or at low temperature.

2. Angelica sinensis (Danggui) head: Take clean Angelica sinensis (Danggui), wash, slightly moisten, cut the head part into 6 slices, and sun-dry or dry at low temperature.

3. Danggui Body (Angelica sinensis (Danggui) main root): Take the Angelica sinensis with the head and tail removed, cut into thin slices, and sun-dry or dry at low temperature.

4. Danggui Wei (Angelica sinensis tail): Take the clean tail parts of Angelica sinensis (Danggui), cut into thin slices, and sun-dry or dry at low temperature.

5. Stir-fried Angelica sinensis (Danggui): Take clean slices of Angelica sinensis, place in a pot, and stir-fry over gentle heat until burnt yellow. Remove and allow to cool thoroughly.

6. Wine-fried Danggui: Take clean slices of Angelica sinensis (Danggui), mix evenly with yellow wine, allow to moisten thoroughly, place in a wok, heat with gentle flame, stir-fry until dry, remove, and let cool. For every 100 kg of Danggui slices, use 10 kg of yellow wine.

7. Earth-fried Angelica sinensis (Danggui): Take clean Angelica sinensis slices, fry with fine powder of Fulonggan (stove earth) until the surface is coated with earth color, sieve out the earth powder, remove and let cool. For every 100 kg of Angelica sinensis slices, use 20 kg of fine Fulonggan powder.

8. Danggui Charcoal (Angelica sinensis, prepared charcoal): Place the clean slices of Angelica sinensis (Danggui) in a pot, stir-fry over medium heat until they turn charred brown. Spray a small amount of clean water to extinguish any sparks completely. Remove and allow to cool thoroughly.

Storage Method

Store in a dry container, sealed, in a cool and dry place, protect from moisture and insects. Angelica sinensis charcoal (Danggui Tan) should be allowed to dissipate heat to helps maintain re-ignition.

Medicinal Herb Identification

Differentiation

1. Transverse section: The cork layer consists of several rows of cells. The phellem is narrow, with a few oil cavities. The phloem is broad, with many fissures; oil cavities and oil tubes are subround, 25–160 μm in diameter, larger toward the outside and gradually smaller inward, surrounded by 6–9 secretory cells. The cambium forms a ring. The xylem rays are 3–5 cells wide; vessels are solitary or 2–3 clustered, arranged radially; parenchyma cells contain starch granules.

Powder is yellowish-brown. Phloem parenchyma cells are fusiform, with slightly thickened walls and extremely fine, obliquely intersecting striations on the surface; occasionally thin transverse septa are visible. Scalariform vessels and reticulate vessels are commonly observed, with diameters up to approximately 80 μm. Fragments of oil cavities are occasionally seen.

2. Take 0.5 g of the sample powder, add 20 ml of ethyl ether, sonicate for 10 minutes, and filter. Evaporate the filtrate to dryness, and dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethanol to prepare the test solution. Separately, take 0.5 g of Angelica sinensis (Danggui) reference material and prepare the reference herb solution using the same method. Perform the test using thin-layer chromatography (General Rule 0502). Apply 10 μl each of the above two solutions onto a silica gel G TLC plate. Use n-hexane-ethyl acetate (4:1) as the developing solvent. Develop, remove, air-dry, and examine under UV light (365 nm). The chromatogram of the test solution should show fluorescent spots of the same color at positions corresponding to those in the chromatogram of the reference herb solution.

3. Take 3 g of the sample powder, add 50 ml of 1% sodium bicarbonate solution, ultrasonicate for 10 minutes, centrifuge, and adjust the pH of the supernatant to 2-3 with dilute hydrochloric acid. Extract by shaking with diethyl ether twice, 20 ml each time. Combine the ether extracts, evaporate to dryness, and dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol to prepare the test solution. Separately, prepare reference solutions of ferulic acid and ligustilide by dissolving each in methanol to a concentration of 1 mg per ml. Perform the test according to the thin-layer chromatography method (General rule 0502). Apply 10 μl each of the above three solutions to the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. Use a mixture of cyclohexane-dichloromethane-ethyl acetate-formic acid (4:1:1:0.1) as the developing solvent. After development, remove the plate and dry it. Examine under ultraviolet light (365 nm). In the chromatogram of the test solution, fluorescent spots of the same color should appear at positions corresponding to those in the chromatograms of the reference solutions.

Medicinal Material Characteristics

The root head and main root are short and thick, slightly cylindrical, 1.5–3.5 cm long, 1.5–3 cm in diameter, with 3–5 or more branched roots below, mostly curved, varying in length, 0.4–1 cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish-brown or brownish-tan, with irregular longitudinal wrinkles and elliptical lenticels; the root head has transverse wrinkles, and the apex retains multiple layers of scaly leaf bases. The texture is hard, easily becomes soft upon absorbing moisture; cross-section is yellowish-white or pale yellowish-brown, with a yellowish-brown cambium ring, numerous brown oil spots and fissures in the bark, and fine and dense medullary rays. It has a strong aroma, and a taste that is sweet, pungent, and slightly bitter. The best quality is characterized by a thick and long main root, oily and moist texture, yellowish-brown outer bark, plump flesh, yellowish-white cross-section, and strong aroma.

Characteristics of Decoction Pieces

1. Angelica sinensis (Danggui), Angelica sinensis root head (Danggui Tou), Angelica sinensis root body (Danggui Shen): refer to medicinal properties.

2. Stir-fried Angelica sinensis (Danggui): Similar in shape to Angelica sinensis (Danggui), with a charred yellow surface and a yellow-brown interior, and a slight aroma.

3. Wine-processed Angelica sinensis (Dang Gui): Shaped like Angelica sinensis, old yellow in color, with slight burnt spots, and a faint aroma of wine.

4. Earth-Fried Angelica sinensis (Danggui): Shape resembles Angelica sinensis, surface coated with earth, deep yellow in color, aromatic.

5. Angelica sinensis (Danggui) Charcoal: Shaped like Angelica sinensis, with a scorched black surface and tan interior, brittle texture, a charred aroma, and a bitter, acrid taste.

Botanical Information

Plant species and genus

Angelica sinensis (Danggui) from the Apiaceae family, genus Angelica.

Morphological Features

Perennial herb, 0.4–1 m tall. Root cylindrical, branched, with numerous fleshy fibrous roots, yellowish-brown, with a strong aromatic fragrance. Stem erect, green or tinged purple, with deep longitudinal grooves, smooth and glabrous. Leaves ternate, 2–3 times pinnately divided; petiole 3–11 cm long, base dilated into a tubular membranous sheath; basal and upper cauline leaves ovate in outline, 8–18 cm long, 15–20 cm wide; leaflets in 3 pairs, the lower pair with petiolules 0.5–1.5 cm long, the pair near the apex sessile; ultimate segments ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1–2 cm long, 5–15 mm wide, 2–3-lobed, margin with incised serrations, teeth with acute tips, sparsely covered with papillate white fine hairs on the lower surface and margin; upper cauline leaves reduced to saccate sheaths and pinnately divided blades. Compound umbel terminal; peduncle 4–7 cm long, densely covered with fine soft hairs; rays 9–30; involucre of 2 linear bracts, or absent; umbellules with 13–36 flowers; involucel of 2–4 linear bracteoles; calyx teeth 5, tooth-shaped; petals long-ovate, apex narrow and acute, inflexed; styles short, stylopodium conical. Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid, 4–6 mm long, 3–4 mm wide; dorsal ribs linear, raised; lateral ribs broad, thin wings, as wide as or slightly wider than the fruit body; wing margin pale purple; vitae 1 in each furrow, 2 on the commissure. Flowering June–July, fruiting July–September.

Distribution Area

Cultivated in Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu and other regions.

geo-authentic production area

It is mainly produced in Min County (Qinzhou), southeast of Gansu Province, with high yield and good quality. It is also cultivated in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, and other provinces.

growing environment

It is a low-temperature, long-day crop that prefers a high-altitude, cool climate and can be cultivated at altitudes around 1500–3000 meters. In low-altitude areas, the bolting rate is high, making it difficult to survive the summer.

Growth and Observation

Seedlings prefer shade with 10% light transmittance and should be protected from direct sunlight; mature plants can tolerate strong light. It is suitable for cultivation in deep, loose, well-drained, fertile sandy loam soil rich in humus. It should not be planted in low-lying waterlogged areas, easily compacted clay, or poor sandy soil. Continuous cropping is not recommended.

Reproduction method

Propagate by seed, either direct seeding or transplanting seedlings.

Cultivation Techniques

1. Sowing: In areas with high altitude (above 1700 m) and low temperature, sow from late July to early August. In areas with low altitude (below 1700 m) and slightly higher temperature, sow from mid-August to early September. Before sowing, open transverse furrows on the prepared seedbed, with a furrow spacing of 30 cm and a depth of 3–5 cm. Evenly sow the seeds into the furrows. The seeding rate is 11.25–15 kg per hectare. Lightly press the seeds, cover with fine soil or fine powdered fertilizer, and then cover with a thin layer of short grass.

2. Seedling cultivation and transplanting: In Gansu, sow seeds in early to mid-June; in Yunnan, sow in late June. Scatter seeds evenly on the seedling bed, cover with fine soil, and then cover with grass. In early August, remove the grass and weed 1–2 times. In early October, dig up the seedlings, bundle them, and store in piles or cellars. For the field, deeply plow in autumn, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and in April of the following year, plow and harrow before planting. Open holes at a row spacing of 25–35 cm, plant 2–3 seedlings per hole, and cover with 2–4 cm of soil. If the seedlings grow too large and have sufficient nutrients for overwintering, they are prone to vernalization, leading to early bolting in the second year; the roots become woody and lose their medicinal value. If the seedlings are too small, root yield and quality are also directly affected. Therefore, each region should select an appropriate seeding rate, cultivate medium-sized seedlings, reduce the bolting rate, and achieve high yields. Additionally, seeds of moderate maturity should be chosen; avoid using seeds from plants that have bolted early.

Pest and wellness management

1. For root health support, select robust seedlings free of visible issues. At early signs of imbalance, promptly remove affected plants, disinfect the planting holes with lime to maintain soil harmony, and irrigate the area with a 500-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim to help maintain a balanced environment.

2. Brown spot wellness: more severe under high temperature and high humidity. At the initial stage of onset, spray with 1:1:150 Bordeaux mixture or use 65% zineb at a dilution of 500 times for application.

3. Pests include peach aphid, seed fly, and grubs, among others.