Winter melon is a name used in traditional Chinese medicine. It refers to the outer rind, mature seeds, leaves, and pulp of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.), a plant in the genus Benincasa of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is produced in most regions of China.Winter melon rind has diuretic and anti-edematous properties and helps clear heat and relieve summer heat; it is primarily used to treat edema and abdominal distension, difficulty urinating, thirst caused by summer heat, and scanty, reddish urine. Winter melon seeds help clear heat, resolve phlegm, expel pus, and promote diuresis; they are primarily used to treat phlegm-heat cough, lung abscess, intestinal abscess, leukorrhea, dysuria, and edema.Winter melon leaves have the effects of clearing heat, draining dampness, and detoxifying; they are primarily used to treat diabetes insipidus, summer-heat-induced diarrhea and dysentery, malaria, toxic sores, and bee stings; while winter melon pulp has the effects of clearing heat, quenching thirst, promoting urination, and reducing swelling; it is primarily used to treat feverish conditions with restlessness and thirst, diabetes insipidus, dysuria, edema, and abscesses.